Grammar

👤Possessive pronouns

Personal, object, reflexive and possessive pronouns.

9 minutes

Before a noun or instead of a noun

English has possessive determiners before a noun: my book, your key.

Possessive pronouns replace the whole possessed noun phrase: The book is mine. The key is yours.

Do not put a noun immediately after mine, yours, hers, ours or theirs.

Formula
  • possessive determiner + noun
  • This is my bag.
  • be + possessive pronoun
  • This bag is mine.

The possessive forms

The form agrees with the owner, not with the thing that is owned.

English has no common independent possessive pronoun corresponding to it; use another structure when necessary, such as its own.

Subject → determiner → pronoun
I
my
you
your
he
his
she
her
it
its
we
our
they
their

Answering whose?

Use whose to ask who owns something: Whose coat is this?

Answer with a possessive determiner plus noun or with a possessive pronoun.

Singular they uses their and theirs.

No apostrophe in possessive pronouns

Possessive determiners and pronouns do not take an apostrophe: its, yours, hers, ours, theirs.

It’s means it is or it has; its shows possession.

Who’s means who is or who has; whose asks about possession.

Common contrasts
its door
the door belonging to it
it’s open
it is open
whose bag?
ask about the owner
who’s there?
who is there?
  • my bag — the bag is mine
  • her coat — the coat is hers
  • their room — the room is theirs